The walls of Constantinople are one of the most impressive medieval defensive structures ever built. There were more like 3 massive walls, that could be walked between. Constantinople survived a ton of sieges during the medieval period. I believe the largest damage the walls took was from an earthquake, not an attack. By comparison the largest catapault we know of was the Warwolf Trebuchet. In use it could throw 130 kg up to 120 meters. Despite this, to breach the walls of Constantinople the Ottomans required the largest cannon ever constructed so I would be inclined to say the walls have an advantage. Yet, if we are considering them only on their own, I mean the walls for all their grandeur are just big lumps of stone in the way. They can't exactly defend themselves, so yes, eventually, after lots of firing, the trebuchet would "win" but by this time the army manning it would probably have starved. Why did I write this with so much detail?
I was also going to write a long winded response about how Constantinople's walls withstood enemy catapults for many years and what finally felled the might walls was the Ottoman's cannons, some of the first ones, which they weren't adequately prepared for due to it being relatively new. And all the stuff you wrote. Thanks for covering that for me.
